Experimental design
During the study, the participants had an isocaloric diet according to their physical condition.
Then, participants were randomly divided into four groups including aerobic exercise (ATG), aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplement (ATDG), vitamin D supplement (VDG) and a control group (CG). A daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D per day was selected for the ATDG and VDG. The participants of the ATG and ATDG performed three 50 minutes training sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks based on Rockport one-mile walking/running test at the intensity of 60-70% of maximal heart rate (MaxHR). The CG continued their habitual daily activities during the period of the study. The exercise intensity was controlled with heart rate monitoring. The training session consisted of warm-up (10 min with 20-30% MaxHR), 35 min of moderate aerobic exercises and cool-down for 5 min, respectively (5). All sessions had been sepervised by two excerise physoplogists. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed in order to measure the quality of sleep of the participants. All participants were subjected to the Neuropsychological Test battery Vienna (NTBV) for assessment of their neurocognitive functions. All measurement tests including PSQI and NTBV were performed before and after study intervention in the Labritary of Imma Khomeini International University.