Variables Variables Variables Categories Bivariate Bivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate
β β β AME AME 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI
Spatial Characteristics Spatial Characteristics Spatial Characteristics Spatial Characteristics
Region Region Java Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Sumatera 0.2572 0.3948 0.0395 *** 0.0199 0.0591
Bali & Nusa Tenggara -0.0002 -0.1949 -0.0164 -0.0381 0.0054
Kalimantan -0.2590 *** -0.0202 -0.0018 0.0241 0.0205
Sulawesi -0.2630 *** -0.1799 -0.0152 -0.0352 0.0049
Maluku & Papua -0.5467 *** -0.1647 -0.0139 -0.0366 0.0087
Area of residence Area of residence Rural area Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Urban area 0.7933 *** 0.1024 0.0094 -0.0078 0.0266
Maternal Characteristics Maternal Characteristics Maternal Characteristics Maternal Characteristics
Maternal age at childbirth (years) Maternal age at childbirth (years) <20 -0.5391 -0.4101 -0.0254 -0. 0473 -0.0034
20-24 Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
25-29 0.3041 *** 0.4096 0.0333 *** 0.0153 0.0513
30-34 0.5438 *** 0.8014 0.0740 *** 0.0488 0.0992
35+ 0.5120 *** 1.0300 0.1020 *** 0.0730 0.1309
Parity Parity Nulliparous Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Multiparous: no previous CS -0.4398 *** -0.8790 -0.0872 *** -0.1081 -0.0663
Multiparous: previous CS 3.4726 *** 2.8261 0.5097 *** 0.4097 0.6097
Any pregnancy complication Any pregnancy complication No Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Yes 0.8761 *** 0.8391 0.0925 *** 0.0662 0.1189
Abbreviations Abbreviations : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section.
Notes Notes : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : The multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.
Source Source : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS