Variables Variables Variables Categories Bivariate Bivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate Multivariate
β β β AME AME 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI
Maternal Characteristics (continued) Maternal Characteristics (continued) Maternal Characteristics (continued) Maternal Characteristics (continued)
Prenatal care visits Prenatal care visits None Ref. Ref. Ref.
1-3 times 1.0673 ** 0.6234 0.0333 -0.0099 0.0765
4-7 times 1.8499 *** 0.9068 0.0582 * 0.0199 0.0965
8 times or more 2.3414 *** 1.1152 0.0768 * 0.0390 0.1145
Delivery took place in a private facility Delivery took place in a private facility No Ref. Ref. Ref.
Yes 1.1283 *** 1.2509 0.1218 *** 0.0987 0.1449
Sociodemographic Characteristics Sociodemographic Characteristics Sociodemographic Characteristics Sociodemographic Characteristics
Mother’s years of schooling (years) Mother’s years of schooling (years) N.A. 0.1624 *** 0.0565 0.0059 *** 0.0036 0.0082
Father’s years of schooling (years) § Father’s years of schooling (years) § N.A. 0.1392 ***
Health insurance ownership Health insurance ownership No insurance Ref. Ref. Ref.
From employer 0.8239 *** 0.3007 0.0204 -0.0081 0.0490
Social security 0.1447 -0.0430 -0.0010 -0.0182 0.0162
Private 1.0234 *** 0.3904 0.0389 ** 0.0076 0.0701
Wealth index Wealth index Lowest Ref. Ref. Ref.
Second 0.7966 *** 0.3123 0.0324 ** 0.0136 0.0511
Third 1.3296 *** 0.5847 0.0481 *** 0.0264 0.0697
Fourth 1.7088 *** 0.7656 0.0682 *** 0.0461 0.0903
Highest 2.1415 *** 1.1169 0.1010 *** 0.0750 0.1270
Abbreviations Abbreviations : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section. : Ref., Reference category; N.A., Not applicable; CS, caesarean section.
Notes
Notes
: §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. : §Father’s years of schooling was excluded from the final multivariate model; Multivariate model has been adjusted for sampling design and weight; Constant is not shown; *p ≤ 0.05. *p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.
Source Source : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS : Authors’ calculation of the 2012 IDHS