7 Concluding remarks
We have shown that there is an autonomous mechanism underlying the
grammatical correctness of a sentence. This mechanism is operational
structures that determine information unit’s class and above that create
a way of word syntactic connection. We also showed as far as possible in
an article a mechanism of interaction of information units through
operational structures, the result of which can be traced semantically.
Operational structures act covertly in speech, but they can be revealed
by means of verbal reconstruction or due to their influence on the
semantics of a lexical item. All this proves the validity of our
assumption about the existence and role of operational structures in
speech.
The developed approach brings us to the yet unexplored aspect of the
language, which allows taking a fresh look at the process of formation
of grammatically constructed language in communication. The role of
operational information depends on whether the states are coupled or
not. Being coupled, operational states determine the grammatical
correctness of the sentence providing syntactic links of the meanings as
word classes. The noncoupled single operations (negation and
hyponymization) provide information units with operational information.
The single quantitative states determine quantitative characteristics of
a group of adjectives and nouns. Used as alternative increments of the
same noun, the single quantitative and elective states underlie the
linguistic meaning of the class of numerals.
By observing how simple operational structures form complex ones, one
can determine the interaction of information units in the sentence and
so undertakes a language description with operational structures. The
operational structure method allows a uniform analysis of grammatical
phenomena, ensuring its precision and rigour, and so grammar is seen as
a unified whole formed on a common ground. In this way we have found out
in our research of the Russian language that operational structures are
a successful method to describe grammatical phenomena from the noun
plural and the verb aspect-tense forms to the syntactic use of words
like infinitive, prepositions, conjunctions or nouns in the indirect
cases. Operational structures apparently represent a universal
non-semantic mode of sentence formation.
The analysis with operational structures has led us to several
particular discoveries. In this paper, we have given only three of them:
a complex structure of negation, hyponymization and differences found
between Russian transitive verbs. Hyponymization is a covert grammatical
phenomenon symmetrical to negation with the difference that negation is
based on an elective relation and hyponymization is determined by a
quantitative relation. The differences of Russian transitive verbs,
which also affect semantics, are determined by different operational
structures characterizing substitution of a negative structure by the
positive one.
Having the example of our research of the Russian language, on which
this article is based, we can see that there is a limited number of
operational structures and relations they form in a language. So,
language description with operational structures is able to reduce the
large number of information units to a small number of description
units, which is the goal of any scientific description.
Describing the quantitative aspect of the real world with equations,
physicists describe the world itself. In contrast to the physicists’
description, operational structures are not directly applicable to the
real world. If real objects can be measured, i.e., determined with
numerical quantities, information units can be determined by only one of
the two quantitative relations of their operational structures –
inclusion or equivalence – and so can’t be measured in that way. Unlike
semantics, the main interest of which is how language is related to the
things in the extra-linguistic world, we introduce operational
structures, which describe not the world or understandings of experience
but information itself independently of the real world.