7 Concluding remarks
We have shown that there is an autonomous mechanism underlying the grammatical correctness of a sentence. This mechanism is operational structures that determine information unit’s class and above that create a way of word syntactic connection. We also showed as far as possible in an article a mechanism of interaction of information units through operational structures, the result of which can be traced semantically. Operational structures act covertly in speech, but they can be revealed by means of verbal reconstruction or due to their influence on the semantics of a lexical item. All this proves the validity of our assumption about the existence and role of operational structures in speech.
The developed approach brings us to the yet unexplored aspect of the language, which allows taking a fresh look at the process of formation of grammatically constructed language in communication. The role of operational information depends on whether the states are coupled or not. Being coupled, operational states determine the grammatical correctness of the sentence providing syntactic links of the meanings as word classes. The noncoupled single operations (negation and hyponymization) provide information units with operational information. The single quantitative states determine quantitative characteristics of a group of adjectives and nouns. Used as alternative increments of the same noun, the single quantitative and elective states underlie the linguistic meaning of the class of numerals.
By observing how simple operational structures form complex ones, one can determine the interaction of information units in the sentence and so undertakes a language description with operational structures. The operational structure method allows a uniform analysis of grammatical phenomena, ensuring its precision and rigour, and so grammar is seen as a unified whole formed on a common ground. In this way we have found out in our research of the Russian language that operational structures are a successful method to describe grammatical phenomena from the noun plural and the verb aspect-tense forms to the syntactic use of words like infinitive, prepositions, conjunctions or nouns in the indirect cases. Operational structures apparently represent a universal non-semantic mode of sentence formation.
The analysis with operational structures has led us to several particular discoveries. In this paper, we have given only three of them: a complex structure of negation, hyponymization and differences found between Russian transitive verbs. Hyponymization is a covert grammatical phenomenon symmetrical to negation with the difference that negation is based on an elective relation and hyponymization is determined by a quantitative relation. The differences of Russian transitive verbs, which also affect semantics, are determined by different operational structures characterizing substitution of a negative structure by the positive one.
Having the example of our research of the Russian language, on which this article is based, we can see that there is a limited number of operational structures and relations they form in a language. So, language description with operational structures is able to reduce the large number of information units to a small number of description units, which is the goal of any scientific description.
Describing the quantitative aspect of the real world with equations, physicists describe the world itself. In contrast to the physicists’ description, operational structures are not directly applicable to the real world. If real objects can be measured, i.e., determined with numerical quantities, information units can be determined by only one of the two quantitative relations of their operational structures – inclusion or equivalence – and so can’t be measured in that way. Unlike semantics, the main interest of which is how language is related to the things in the extra-linguistic world, we introduce operational structures, which describe not the world or understandings of experience but information itself independently of the real world.