Grandparent-grandchild Relationships
Mansson (2012) established that nonverbal affection (e.g., hugging, kissing) was the most common behavior that grandparents used to demonstrate affection toward their emerging adult grandchildren. This was followed by attempts to spend face-to-face time with them (e.g., having lunch together). Support/encouragement (e.g., providing financial support by paying for education or bills) was the least affectionate behavior reported.