Among them,
is the k-th individual to be mutated in the current population ,
are the randomly selected individuals in the current population to meet k≠ m ≠ i ≠ j;is the individual after variation; F∈[0,1] is the scaling factor. The adoption of DE/x/y/z represents different variation modes, in which DE is the differential evolution algorithm ;X is the basic item in front of the difference term, and z is the cross-mode.
Fifth, cross. The crossover probability is Cr∈[0,1]. There are two forms of crossover:
The exponential model formula is as follows: