Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of IPV, and its determinants among
Female nursing students in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was performed in the Alex Ekwueme Federal
University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, between 1st March 2018 and 31st
August 2018. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and a
Composite abuse scale in 460 females.
Study setting
The study was carried out in the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki.
This is the only specialist teaching hospital in the state, receiving
referrals from private and mission hospitals in the state and
neighboring states. It is sited in Abakaliki, the state capital. It has
a nursing and midwifery school for the training of qualified nurses and
midwives. Apart from been a center of teaching and learning, it provides
24/7 medical services via the emergency/general outpatient department
and specialized units.
Study population
The study population was female nursing students of Federal Teaching
Hospital, Abakaliki meeting the inclusion criteria. They were consenting
females who were not pregnant and were in an intimate partner
relationship for the past 12 months. Those who refused to consent, were
sick, or who were not in an intimate partner relationship for the past
12 months were excluded. A simple random sampling method was used to
select respondents. They were interviewed between January 2018 and May
2018 in a dedicated office for the study. They were interviewed using a
structured questionnaire and the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS) version
2013 (Hegarty, 2005). The questionnaire was completed based on their
responses. The social class of the study population was determined based
on the social class classification of Olusanya et al. (Olusanya &
Okpere, 1985), which uses the educational level of
the woman and the occupation of the husband to determine a woman’s
social class. The social class of the study participants who were not
married was based on that of their parent. They were graded into social
classes 1 to 5: social classes 1 and 2 were classified as upper social
class while social classes 3, 4, and 5 were classified as lower social
class. IPV was defined as actual or threatened physical, sexual,
psychological, emotional, or stalking abuse by an intimate partner,
while an intimate partner was defined as a current or former spouse or
non-marital partner such as a boyfriend or dating partner (Basile,
2007).
Sample size
The sample size was calculated using the formula for a cross-sectional
study (N= Z2 PQ/D2), where N =
required sample size, Z = 1.96 at a confidence level at 95%, P = an
estimated population of 44.6% (Esere, 2009), D = margin of error at
5%, and Q = 1-P. The sample size for the study was 460 after the
addition of a 20% attrition rate.
Ethical considerations
Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Health Research
and Ethics Committee of Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi
state. The ethical approval number was REC APPROVAL NUMBER
14/11/2017-19/12/2017.
Composite abuse scale (CAS)
CAS is an easily administered self-report measure that provides
standardized subscale scores on four dimensions of intimate partner
abuse. It consists of 30 items presented in a six-point format requiring
respondents to answer “never”, “only once”, “several times”,
“monthly”, “weekly”, or “daily” in twelve months. It assesses the
following: severe combined abuse factor, emotional abuse factor,
physical abuse factor, and the harassment factor. The CAS is made up of
4 subscales: severe combined abuse (SCA; 8 items, possible score 0-40);
physical abuse (7 items, possible score 0-35); emotional abuse (11
items, possible score 0-55), and harassment (4 items, possible score
0-20). The subscale score was calculated and compared with a
predetermined cut-off score for each subscale as shown below to
determine whether they has suffered that abuse. A subscale score greater
than the set score would determine that the respondent had experienced
such abuse. The respondent was judged to have suffered an abuse if the
overall total score was 7 and above.
Data analysis
The data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software
(IBM Corp., Chicago, IL). Frequency tables, the chi-squared test
(X2), and logistic regression analysis were used for
categorical variables where applicable. The student’s age (≤20 or
> 20 years), marital status (married or single), year of
education (≤ 3 or > 3 years), and social class (1 and 2,
upper social class; 3, 4 and 5, lower social class) were reclassified
for easy analysis. The partner’s characteristics were also reclassified
into ≤ 30 years and > 30 years. The test of significance
was at a p-value < 0.05.