”Findings also indicated four attributes for teaching and learning
in the twenty-first century: adapting to frequent changes and uncertain
situations, collaborating and communicating in decentralized
environments, generating data and managing information, and releasing
control by encouraging exploration.”
We found that seven studies (A5, A9, A11, A12, A19, A20, and A21) were
Moderate. For example, A5 mentioned utilitarianism: ”Informal
science learning experiences have been found to provide valuable
opportunities to engage with and learn about science and, as such, form
a key part of the STEM learning ecosystem” . A5 presented multiple
perspectives: ”Survey findings are illustrated by interview data
from the same project” .
We have determined that 14 articles were Low. For example, A2 reflects a
pluralistic perspective with the statement: ”We used an
explanatory sequential mixed methods approach with a collection of
survey data followed by interviews with selected participants” .