With the developments in communication and information technologies and interest in human rights, physical boundaries disappear, and the world’s human cosmopolitanism becomes isomorphic in the components of a global culture. On this basis, being an immigrant is theoretically based on the idea of global citizenship, a global civilization, the brotherhood of people. This idea philosophically recalls Marx and Engels the ”All People Are Brothers”, which references essentially to the first article of the universal declaration of human rights. In essence, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with its principles, points out the common interests of humanity and the right to human life independently of their nationality. Today, the forms of communication offered by the modern world can allow for cross-border solidarity and posture, and to develop a collective empathy. In this context, there is an urgent need to recall the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its re-acceptance as a basic starting point for the construction of global civilization.
Every closed system is exposed to entropy. The main reason for entropy is that the system does not grasp the information aging and the requirements of the time and cannot comply with the environment. For countries moving away from democratic norms and human rights, entropy is inevitable. In such countries, human life has no value. Any system that does not centralize humanity is exposed to entropy. For this reason, before making an opinion about the migration and immigration phenomenon, first, it is necessary to turn to the source of the problem. Therefore, in this study on the phenomenon of immigration, it is beneficial to make the entrance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
United Nations General Assembly: By always considering this Declaration, with all members of the human community and their organizations, to develop respect and respect for these rights and freedoms through education and training, through the increasing national and international measures, the effective recognition and enforcement of these rights among the peoples of the member states and the peoples of countries under the administration of these states. it announces this Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which sets out common ideal measures for all peoples and nations so that they strive to provide. In this context, İt is essential to highlight that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been drafted and adopted not to decorate the meeting rooms of international and national public buildings or the amphitheatres of the faculties of political science and sociology, but to transform the world into a peaceful and safe living space where people live in safety.
The Immigrant Phenomenon
The concept of migration means that people move individually or in groups, from one country or region to another country or region permanently. So, the point here is a permanent session change. This change of location may take place within the country or outside the country [1]. What is important at this point is that rather than the proximity of the migration distance, it is a permanent move in the context of political and economic relations. In this respect, domestic immigration is an important human, economic and socio-cultural problem that needs to be explored and solved.
According to Yazgan [2], migration is a phenomenon that creates opportunities and difficulties between the country of origin and the host country. The fact that the phenomenon of immigration and immigrants is examined by different disciplines and is of interest also caused different theories and approaches about the concept in every discipline against the phenomenon of immigration. In general, migration, social, cultural, economic, political, etc. of society. It can be stated that it is an event closely related to its entire structure [3]. According to Mehmet Fikret Gezgin [4], the fact that migration is based on more than one reason makes it difficult to create a general theory of the phenomenon of migration. Because immigration is a difficult phenomenon in terms of time and ground, classification, category, and details. The reason for this is that psychosocial and socio-cultural motives that cause migration have an intertwined quality. According to Yalçın [5], migration is a geographical, social, and cultural displacement movement that is aimed at short, medium, or long term, return or permanent settlement targeted from one place to another for economic, political, ecological, or individual reasons.
The study area of the migration phenomenon has undergone various changes over time. According to Yazgan [2], the first of the two main questions that international migration theories and researches are seeking in the first, why migration has happened and why it has been going on for so long, and secondly, it is the economic, social and political What is the consequences.
Western states sought to control international migration, especially in the 1970s when the need to keep international migration movements from underdeveloped countries to developed countries under control [6]. Western Governments have identified strategies to streamline international migration. Political issues such as cooperation on migration, control of borders to prevent illegal immigration, visa exemptions are some of the most important negotiation issues between developed and underdeveloped countries today.
The international migration process is a complex process for both migrating and receiving countries. Each country is affected differently by this process. For the emigrant countries, the population going abroad, decreasing unemployment rates, and increasing foreign currency inflow to the country have positive results, on the other hand, the fact that the qualified workforce goes abroad is a separate problem that decreases the added value in the country which can be described as ”brain drain”. In terms of immigrant countries, immigrants may have negative consequences in the context of increasing unemployment rates at the beginning, eroding the budget due to mandatory humanitarian aid, disruption of public order and terrorism problems, provoking nationalist movements, separating the public, and damaging the homogeneity of the society. In addition, it may be desirable for employers to provide qualified and relatively cheap labour opportunities. On the other hand, immigrants are not always made up of poor people. Often rich immigrants migrate with their wealth and make large commercial and industrial investments in the countries they visit. Immigrant movements, which can sometimes be described as brain drain, can also lead to the development of the country in which they go.
When talking about immigration abroad, an important issue that is frequently discussed and considered negative for the sending country is the brain drain. Brain drain is the situation where a well-educated, thinking, producing, and qualified workforce does not return to another country when they are most productive for research or work [7]. The fact that skilled workers go abroad does not only mean the loss of a trained workforce but also the fact that trained workforce works abroad can have important contributions in terms of commercial, economic and tourism relations between countries is the possibility of breaking off. Sociological observations made in this context show that the feeling that qualified people groups migrating abroad feel most intensely after settling abroad is a sense of deceit. This sense of deception erodes the emotional bond between qualified people who migrate abroad. On the other hand, the situation is generally the opposite for unskilled labour. The fact that unskilled labour force holders in countries where they are unable to hold sociocultural or have difficulty in holding increases the aspirations of the country and strengthens their love for the country.
According to Erder [8], migration is a human right, has been politicized recently due to the spread of immigrants and foreigners, and has become almost one of the national security issues. Therefore, being a migrant has unfortunately started to be synonymous with being a criminal. It has two aspects. The first is that the host states share their resources with the immigrant population, which is dissatisfied among the citizens of the host country. The second is the launching of a qualified workforce who settled in a foreign country as a traitor, sometimes under the influence of harsh propaganda in the homeland. The strangely unqualified workforce’s migration abroad is supported by society, but it is not accepted by the society that the qualified workforce continues to live abroad with well-educated people with high intellectual capacity, and this issue is exploited by the political administrations. However, a qualified workforce abroad is the most valuable public diplomacy asset of a country.
One of the most important themes of many developed western countries today is to ensure that the immigrant population and the local people live together in harmony. This is called integration. As a result of living together, concepts such as ”multiculturalism” and “dual citizenship” have emerged [9]. People of immigrant origin, that is, immigrants and immigrant children, appear as lively, multi- affiliated individuals who act as a shuttle between the immigrant and receiving countries [2].
According to Güllüpınar [10], the effects of this immigrant network on the social cohesion of immigrants have both positive and negative aspects. This network facilitates the social cohesion of the newly arrived immigrant, but in some cases, the opposite is also possible. When migrants live as a closed-in parallel society, thanks to the existing economic, political, and social networks, there is no transition and adaptation of migrants to live in the new country of migration. Thanks to the presence of the network, new immigrants who meet all their needs within their group, are closer to their group and avoid contact with the people in the country where they migrate. In addition to the positive effects of the immigrant network, such as solidarity, it also has negative effects such as isolating themselves from the new society they come from and closing into their group.
The long-term effects of migration on society are felt more and more in the later stages of the migration process, when immigrants settle permanently, and when small communes are formed in society, separate from the general population. According to Yazgan [2], today’s immigrants are religious, political, economic ties are expanding everyday life of the nation marginalize themselves in their area of new settlements (enclaves) are created.
Establishing their settlements in the countries where the immigrants are located, especially in the state-immigrant relationship, is especially perceived as the security problem of international migration. This issue promotes the tendency to return to re-assimilation policies in developed countries receiving immigration [11]. International migrations are one of the biggest sources of diversity in societies. Multiculturalism is constantly moving, with both family reunions and individual migrations [12]. National policies that adopt multiculturalism should give the immigrant the right to have two identities and choose one of them. Because the most important point for determining national policies is what kind of identity the immigrant individual or the masses adopt and to what extent they live can adopt the identity of the society. What is meant by choice is ethnic and national identity [13].
The existence of cultural and identity diversity in a country that is a requirement of the concept of multiculturalism depends on the policy of the host country and to what extent it supports cultural diversity [13]. It can be perceived as a path to multiculturalism, democratization, and tolerance, or it can emerge as a discourse to maintain the hegemony of power if there is a state policy. Because organizations that help to explain their ethnic identities and cultures to groups of ethnic and religious origin can not only provide political rights to immigrant groups that can respond to their real demands, but they can only serve to announce their presence by opening up the cultural area as a place of struggle, and as a result, they only aim to give messages on the homeland [14].
In harmony, undoubtedly there is a serious responsibility for immigrant communities, as well as those who emigrate have as much responsibility as immigrants. In this context, cohesion is not one-sided, double-sided is a process that requires effort [15]. Living with differences is part of the integration, otherwise, it is not assimilation but assimilation. Assimilation does not describe the phenomenon of integration from a sociological perspective. Assimilation depersonalization means sociological destruction. Assimilation is the justification of hypocrisy. Integration is the meeting of civilizations, reunification of cultures, melting of differences in a pot. The glorification of multiculturalism is a trigger catalyst of change, development, modernization, acceptance of the idea of assimilation, and bankruptcy of its policies.
Globalization
The prominent element in the period features set out in the definitions; globalization is the dominant phenomenon of the period we are in. Globalization is a temporary trend either. Today, it is an international inclusive system that shapes both local and foreign policies of all countries, and therefore, while writing that we need to understand it this way, it states the importance of the concept of globalization as a key concept that can explain today’s change.
For this reason, as the famous ”post-modernism ” concept of the 1980s, the main idea in understanding the transition of societies to the third millennium in explaining the processes may be the concept of ”globalization” which is used in understanding the processes. Globalization is the integration of countries and peoples of the world, meaning the removal of artificial barriers to goods, services, capital, information, and, to a lesser extent, people crossing borders.
Globalization affects social and cultural lifestyles in the countries, it is directed towards homogenization in production and consumption approaches, and it creates radical changes in the forms of political and economic organization. While the power of the centre increases significantly with globalization, the relatively lower competitive powers of the off-centre forces are negatively affected.
Social events are necessarily and inherently economic, political-political, and cultural. The phenomenon of globalization is also a departure from economic, political, cultural, and local/national elements and a homogenization and isomorphism movement on a world scale. By excluding cultural and political developments, a globalization phenomenon that will be explained by economic data will be incomplete. From the education system to art, music, and entertainment, consumption patterns, briefly in all areas of life, the norms, and patterns specific to the United States and Western values are forcing all national patterns and putting the change into a structure that meets their norms. Objectively, this change does not occur by force and pressure. Here, only weak points of human psychology, such as resembling a strong and successful one, and not inverting it, are used. This situation works by adaptation theories and emphasizes the importance of the environment, whether it is a subject or object [16].
Today, with the effect of globalization, the concepts of time and space are losing their importance compared to the past, the borders of the country are disappearing. The effects of globalization should not be seen only as an isomorphism of distant settlements in the context of consumption habits, pleasure, and entertainment worlds due to the developments in information and communication technologies of peoples from different geographies. Beyond that, the borders disappear. Every year, millions more are added to millions of immigrants and asylum-seekers, and even hundreds of thousands, and sometimes due to violent regional conflicts [17]. In fact, due to these population movements taking place from the backward countries to the developed countries, even the organization of the Immigration Ministries has been formed due to the need arising in the developed country. As a result, the relationship between world societies has been transformed into a more complex and intense state. Inequality between societies causes a social migration movement from poverty to wealth, from poverty to prosperity, from backwardness to development, namely from east to west, due to the sociologically united vessels theory, longing for a life of injustice and justice. Strangely, no matter which city you visit today, the west side of the city is the region where relatively wealthy and wealthy people live.
According to the views of radical globalists, the phenomenon of immigrants is in a way the concept of the nation-state, which is the product of industrial civilization, is losing its importance. Because rationality is in front of all fiction and the only reality is the maintenance of life in every incident with people. For this reason, today people are less under the influence of political discourses because the word bread and cheese bread boat do not work. According to Giddens [18], for people, their safety and economic well-being are above all else. This view is the expression that globalization is replacing traditional nation-states as a new world order and state form, and that new forms of social organization are beginning to determine. Although it evokes ideas such as globalization, the disappearance of political borders, and the right to free movement, it paradoxically condemns societies more to the destructive and dominant policies of the oppressive global capitalist economy.
At this point, the argument that the fact that globalization is a compelling instrument of diplomacy is a natural result of the capitalist order, that is, the harsh policies pursued by the sovereign world, is an easily irrefutable proposition. For example, Sykes-Picot, which was made before the First World War, for the reasons of these shocking mass immigrant and refugee movements that can escape from the Syrian geography today due to bloody and destructive conflicts in the region and try to take refuge in developed European states when possible. It will surely be hypocrisy not to be sought in the agreement.
At this point, it is necessary to say that the whole world is following a handful of passionate businessmen and politicians, and a few times of their feeding, as in the Ice Age movie, as in the incident of a squirrel who led all events to begin. It is not only man and humanity lost. It is the lost hope, the desire to live together and love. Just as the United States originated after the Great Economic Depression of 1929, to tolerate the illegal production and sale of illegal whiskey in the United States, again on the increasing separatist movements and seeking rights in the United States after the Second World War. For African Americans, such as drug use release or blindness. However, at the end of the day, all these ignoring, overlook, and even incentives affect the whole society negatively, like a boomerang. Young girls who prostitute in the streets in the late 1960s to supply drugs on the streets are the children of not only African Americans but also European Americans. Maybe because of these ignoring policies, the United States has lost millions of children in Hindi, in wars without consequences. Essentially, this is the price that the people of the United States pay collectively as a price for the drama they ignore. What they say, at the end of the day everything is in its essence.
Essentially, the whole incident is that a handful of tyrannized throws the world on fire and the vast majority watch silent and wicked events, and silently approve. However, it has been total humanity that lost each time. For this reason, justice and prosperity continue as a sine wave in the world. In the world, goodness and common sense or greed and anger find their own. From this aspect, when the world political history is analysed periodically, it can be classified and categorized as numbered tyrants’ period, numbered wise men, and statesmen periods.
The immigrant and asylum-seeking movements are neither a result of totalitarian tyranny, which, as Chomsky [19] argued, as a result of destructive capitalism, nor, in theory, a summit of poverty and cruelty in the field, namely real-life contradictions. In essence, it is the result of the unprincipled administration mentalities of both third world countries and the pathology of othering and conscience in the world. It is an inevitable consequence of the ambition and hypocrisy of humans. Because the immigration from the backward countries to the developed countries is the interest relations developed by the passionate businessmen and leaders of the developed countries with the low character and greedy leaders of the undeveloped countries and the business world. In this respect, there are no backward countries, internally and externally, there are societies that have been exploited and ignored, the societies whose rights and human rights have been extorted. Because even the state exists for man, not man for the state. Immigration or refugee tragedy is a painful story, the result of an imperative. Once upon a time, it was replaced by societies, who were forced to come as cheap labour and slaves by being forced to leave their homeland by developed colonial countries, this time the stories of people leaving the desperate people of the societies that were desperate due to the harsh globalization and colonialism, with simple inflatable boats. The main actors of this tragedy are the revered leaders of the developed countries, who foolishly cooperate, legitimize, and even encourage them with the leaders of the backward countries.
Paradoxically, the phenomenon of immigrants strengthens the nation-state structures of the states and motivates the currents of nationalism, on the other hand, it inevitably reveals the necessity of meeting different civilizations, different cultures and melting in a pot, and creating a global civilization. At this point, the main paradigm that differentiates the local governments from each other is whether they approach differences as a cultural mosaic and diversity or as a means of conflict and their attitudes and behaviours in this bet.
The main reason for migrant and other population movements on a global scale is neither economic inequality nor intense human rights violations and normalized security issues and war situations. These are all essential problems of immigrant movements. But more important of these is the loss of hope. Because only the desperate person leaves everything and leaves his homeland. The displacement of nomadic society from immigration does not count, because they come, they do not, they go to the land they acquired abroad. Every immigration is a journey from good to bad, from poverty to prosperity, from despair to hope. However, there may also be migrations from other developed economies and democracies to other countries with motives such as job and appointment and liking the city’s texture. These are mostly immigration movements within the United States and the United States, Canada, and the European Union. However, it would not be correct to count these displacement movements from immigration, because all developed countries are one country, and migrations are individual rather than mass.
Underdeveloped democracies, due to the collapse of the Eastern Block in the last decades and subsequent bloody socioeconomic and military projects aimed at transforming selected regional countries such as the expanded North Africa and the Greater Middle East Project with so-called democracy promises, in the former colonial countries. and population movements from tyrannies to developed countries have increased and become massive. Whatever the point of view is, the primary factor in these social movements is the internet-connected mobile phones and social media that mobilize and dispatch the masses with the effect of a snowball. The most developed area in the modern world has been the technological developments in the field of communication and informatics, the widespread use of technology, and the emphasis on human rights. All these developments have revealed a universal culture phenomenon, entertainment, and consumption habits as a result of intercultural interaction. The new cultural phenomenon that emerged is a synthesis of cultures, and acculturation is event. Because sovereign powers and their ideologies open a space for them to expand and act in terms of cultural characteristics, education, aesthetics, art, entertainment world. After all, the essence of adaptation theories is nothing more than an assertion that the proposition of the isomorph in the best of others is accepted. At this point, cultural and sportive areas such as music, sports, cinema have a great snowball effect on a global scale. Interestingly, billions of viewers and fans of many well-known clubs such as Real Madrid or Barcelona, a fanatical fan group expressed in millions outside of their own country, or a Canadian-based singer such as Justin Bieber, even though many do not understand the words of their songs because many of them speak different languages. The mass has been formed. Thus, the dominant culture is reproduced in the ordinary course of life, often without much effort and planning.
As a result of all these developments and events, the understanding of the state is minimalized in the minds. Because in every society, the young population tends to decrease their trust in politicians. The distrust experienced makes the individuals more apolitical and changes the perception of time and space.
The state’s minimalization in the minds of individuals pushes individuals to other quests and activates them for better living conditions. At this point, the effect of the countries that are the source of immigration movements outside the current democracy league in many respects, that is, they have totalitarian and oppressive regimes that are far from the norms of democracy. Paradoxically, leaders and peoples of developed countries, who prefer to work with one-man regimes in the context of business and politics, are concerned about the immigration and asylum of the peoples of the aforementioned countries as a requirement of their obligation and universal right to live, fear and panic. However, the increasing difference between poverty and wealth in the world will inevitably bring with its immigration movements. In the past time, it would be naive to think otherwise while rich countries become richer and poorer countries poorer.
Poverty diminishes the nobility, leads to a spiritual breakdown and pessimism, and rivets despair. In such societies, immigration is the only hope that comes to an end. Nobody would like to leave their country, most people except at least a few. Because immigration, worse asylum-seeking is a total abandonment, it is not known whether it is leaving or remaining. Immigration is to be compelled to set up a future in another country. But to migrate, whatever it may be, is to sail from obscurity of the world to an unknown width, a dream to be seen after the nightmare.
Of course, people do not migrate only with economic and security concerns. Lifestyles and preferences also appear as a valid reason for immigration. Individuals may also have to leave their countries and countries due to their country’s energy policies, their attitudes towards moral matters, their abortion, and their homosexual rights. But the number of such is almost negligible in total. Besides, every separation is sad though.
The essence of the immigrant problem arises from the fact that the financial resources of the world are not shared fairly, and that people do not feel safe at the point of living humanly in the countries where they live. Those that cause the immigrant problem are today’s versions of the raging mindset that forcibly frees and enslaves free people to use as a production instrument and free labour force just before the modern age. The greed of this raging mentality extends the quality-of-life scissors between the poor and the rich against the poor over time. This issue, namely imperialist expansion, and colonialism is provoked by the ambitious and beneficial, unprincipled leaders of the region, and the facts are covered up and turned inside out.
The world is a whole, the consequences of a bad administration and human rights violation in a remote part of the world are somehow seen all over the world. The persecution remains silent, the persecution becomes common. Especially the person who incites and encourages the persecution is as if he committed the persecution. It is the responsibility of the lives that are darkened in the process and as a result of the conflicts and wars that are triggered and provoked in desperate societies, only to control the energy sources, energy supply, and transportation routes. Regarding the problem of immigrants and asylum-seekers, the decision and attitude of opening all doors to immigrants is palliative, as are the decisions implemented by limiting or channelling population movements. The main thing is to ensure that people live in peace and security in their homeland. Mass population movements are a consequence, and their causes must be eliminated. The issue is to eliminate inequality between the establishment of public order and trust and living standards on a world scale.
Efforts should be made to eliminate the inequality between women and men, all social classes, urbanites, and peasants in the context of humane living, all over the world. The future of the world is in achieving the liberation of the peoples of the world from all kinds of economic, intellectual, and political yoke. It is not a matter of fighting imperialism or tough communism. The issue is to unconditionally support the struggle for the freedom of all peoples and to have a human right to life, and to strive for the establishment of global civilization.
The biggest survival problem in the near and middle future of the world will be the existence of people living elsewhere on this planet in poverty, misery, and ignorance. Undoubtedly, poverty in one part of the world is also a threat to prosperity and life in other regions. If there is inequality in the world, there will be immigration movements. If the movements of migration are exploited, there will be opportunist movements that want to provide them with political and economic rent and benefits. These extremes will give rise to other extremes and the clash of civilizations will continue in a vicious circle.
The clashes will continue until the world realizes that the person is on the same ship and realizes that this life is also an owner, and the account day is a questioner. When mankind will understand that cultural differences are wealth, being human is more important than anything, then peace will come to the world. This pathetic state of inheritance, the inequality, poverty, and exploitation of human beings are the dishonest and unskilled politicians and their character-deprived stooges. However, it is only the politicians themselves who can bring peace and peace to the world. In the words of Tolstoy, every fire must be extinguished while it is a spark, if the falling spark is not extinguished and turns to fire, unfortunately, all the rights of the world are damaged. The struggle for immense human rights violations, such as inequality, hunger, illness, lack of education, or ethnic or ideological cleansing, is an indispensable survival problem for all humanity. If this problem cannot be solved with peaceful and common sense, unfortunately, it will be the cause of even the third world war.
The point is not to put obstacles in front of people’s free movement, the main issue is to eliminate the conditions that bring people to the point where they will leave their homes. The immigrant problem is something like a disease in the human body manifesting itself with pain, giving signs. It is the most important security and survivability problem of the time frame we live in with the migrant and refugee problem. The solution to immigrant and refugee problems worldwide is the salvation of humanity. What can be more truthful and pathetic than the drama of the people who are tired of the cruelty and poverty in their country and who must leave their ancestral lands, and how can this despair be described?
The Concept of Acculturation
Culture is the whole material and spiritual values created in the process of historical social development, and the tools used to create them and convey them to the next generations, which show the measure of the sovereignty of the human to its natural and social environment. Each society is formed under the influence of the strong and distinctive features of a culture. Social culture is the source of individual behaviours, good and bad perceptions, and all other forms of society [20]. Culture is a term with different meanings. Culture as a concept related to humans is a system of meaning and importance created in history. It is a system of beliefs and customs used by a group of people in understanding, organizing, and structuring their individual and collective lives. Culture of the definition of the concept is as follows: Historically, all the material and creating them with spiritual values created in the social development process, used in delivering the next generation, the whole of the vehicle showing the dimensions of man’s natural and social environment sovereignty. There is a dual process in the formation of culture; In the first process, human is passive and receiving. He lives in a certain geographical environment and meets his nutritional and sheltering needs there. This pioneering relationship with nature, that is, the knowledge, language, behaviours, and material production and consumption tools that it has acquired in line with its needs appears as the first step in the creation of culture. In the second stage, the human leaves the receiving position and starts producing; that is, it participates in its environment as active and active power. This process started limited with the creation of the first tools and accelerated with the Neolithic Age. Culture is a component of the social structure whose acceleration increases with accumulation [21]. Increasingly, every generation makes a material and spiritual contribution to the culture it inherits and leaves it to the next ones. However, in today’s sense, Voltaire had used the word culture for the first time. According to Voltaire, ” culture ” means the formation, development, development, and glorification of human intelligence. The word has been translated into German and used as a ” culture ” in a German dictionary dated 1973, and later this word has become a ”culture” by passing on the dictionaries of other nations [22]. Cultures refer to an adjective relating to the concept of culture. When used alone, culture refers to roughly all human life. The concept of cultures refers to the direction of culture’s formation. The terms organizational culture, business culture, political and academic culture are used for beliefs and traditions that control the interests of life, including the conceptualization, limitation, structuring, and organization.
Culture is the whole material and spiritual values created in the process of historical social development, and the tools used to create them and convey them to the next generations, which show the measure of the sovereignty of the human to its natural and social environment. The effects of social culture are also the source of differences and similarities between organizations. Social culture is of course not the only element that determines the attitudes and behaviours of individuals, their perceptions of good and evil shape their philosophy of life, but it is a very important parameter. However, it is not easy to reveal the effects of social culture on individuals’ attitudes and behaviours, perceptions, and feelings of belonging, especially in the post-industrial society, namely the new world order. Because today all nations of the world are under the influence of globalization and isomorphism (institutionalization).
The subject of culture is one of the main topics of sociology. Sociologically, culture is the social heritage that surrounds us, and learn from people. Culture includes knowledge, art, morality, law, customs, and customs, as well as a whole that includes all the other abilities and habits gained by being a member of society. Culture is acquired not by race, but by education and training, and transferred as a social heritage [23]. When used alone, culture refers to roughly all human life. The concept of cultures refers to the direction of culture’s formation. Culture is something created by man and the condition of human life. The phenomenon of ”culture”: It is the way of thought, emotion, and behaviour expressed by the symbols created and transmitted, which reveal the original structures of the groups of people; The basis of culture is traditional views (formed and chosen in the historical process) and especially the values attributed to them [24].
It can be said that human culture creates, but culture also affects human and human beings. This happens thanks to cultivation. Culturalization, also called the process of transformation of culture, is the assimilation of thoughts, actions, and emotions that form the culture of the individual and the clusters to which he belongs. Thus, social culture affects organizations and constitutes the source of similarities between organizations. Culture can be defined as a total whole of ideas and arts, beliefs, and traditions, thought patterns, notions, and formations that people bring together, and affects and determines all human structures.
The globalization process simultaneously presents two cultural images. The first one reaches the upper limits of ’particular culture’. This upper limit is the sphere. All heterogeneous cultures melt in the dominant culture that covers the world. This cultural image involves conquering the global space. The second image is about the compression of cultures. Different cultures flow side by side with no organizing principle. Increasing cultural mobility and complexity, the global area is the fundamental dynamics of the globalization of culture, the fact that technological developments and economic events are perceived homogeneously in world societies [25].
Culture or non-culture products become the determining element of cultural life everywhere, with sounds and images recorded on floppy disks, indigenous cultures change their names and deny their reality in the face of forms of make-up, packaged and recognized. Most of the world’s indicators production is concentrated in the North or produced in places controlled by it according to its norms and styles. The news market, which has an important place in global homogenization, is under the monopoly of American Associated Press and United Press, British Reuters. French Presse. In the globalization process, it is possible to say that a large part of the world is under the influence of the West especially American culture.
Just as geolocations and evaluations are made according to Greenwich in international relations, they are Western-based assessments that determine their perspectives in social science. Even Japanese-style management is referred to in the summer with its American-style management style. It can be said that with the effect of globalization, societies are in an isomorphism no matter what cultural environment they live in and at least they are structurally similar. This is in a way a result of adaptation theories. It has a fundamental dilemma in terms of globalization [26]. On the one hand, it emphasizes cultural differences, on the other hand, it brings organizations closer together and provides simulation (isomorphism).
Creating a Shared World Civilization
Globalization and accompanying developments in communication and information technologies have made societies more generally sensitive to human and even animal rights, generally living rights. In this context, there are three important developments brought about by globalization. The first of these; With the increase in the speed of access of information to individuals, hierarchy perceptions in the social order have changed and individuals have taken on more questioning, criticizing, and opposing identity when necessary. The harsh protests were replaced by peaceful actions and demonstrations in direct proportion to the development levels of the countries. Secondly, the system understanding, and the closed system understanding are abandoned, and states need more cooperation in their activities. States are no longer able to persuade people only through print media or official statements made by the state. Because today, anyone with a smartphone and internet connection can function as a news reporter and anyone with an idea. In fact, in the social media networks where completely free market conditions and the law of supply and demand are processed, the views and views of people whose opinions are consistent and accurate are higher than the classical media. Third, the views on human rights, human values, personality concept, utilization of creativity of people, providing financial, spiritual, and social needs.
An important change brought by globalization is that it prepares the ground for the development of a more participatory, more human-oriented, lean management model rather than a business-oriented hierarchical management approach that prioritizes quality. This change in the labour market naturally causes people to make freer and humanitarian demands in their private lives and expectations. The change that started in developed countries with this aspect spreads to the whole world through social media with the effect of a domino. This movement naturally creates a population movement from undeveloped, backward countries to developed civilized countries due to the ”unified container theory” which is essentially a thermodynamic law.
Today, people do not want to exhaust their lives in countries where autocratic and excessive bureaucratic management concepts are dominant, and people become worthless. In ancient times, people fled to the cities due to the persecution of the ruthless landowners. Now they must leave their countries and their homeland. It is at the peak of burnout and desperation that human communities escape from their countries without looking behind and even die, and their demands for asylum and immigration to developed countries. People want to make their voices heard more. People today have more awareness of who inherited poverty, human rights violations, endless conflicts, and wars in their countries, who work for them, why they do not end. Therefore, today people demand life on equal terms and conditions with all the peoples of the world. There are demands for a fair, safe, and peaceful life, such as equal opportunities for all, job security, equal pay for labour and respect for labour, the right to be educated, a peaceful working environment, the right to organize, and the right to retirement.
The primary reason for migration movements from backward countries to developed countries is not that people are poor. Because even poverty is a result, though. The primary factor that forces individuals and communities to migrate is the loss of hope for the future. What consumes people’s hope; Conflicts and wars, whose head, middle, the end is uncertain, have become a part of life now, without winners, are the brothers who shed constantly. The most important motivation of the immigrants is that they do not want to be a part of the injustices and cruelties that are mounted on the wheels of the system, they are not willing to shed the brothers, they do not want to be acknowledged with the people who lack the character and humanity.
The presence of value, purpose, and ideal relations between its structure and its members and its cooperation form the basis of the spirit of unity and solidarity. The relationship between society and the individual should be sought within the psychological contract that will reinforce the sense of partnership. For the construction of shared global civilization, the issue that individuals and societies should prioritize more than their perceptions about their belonging and identity should be the bond they establish with their environment and other people, even if they are from other countries. Being part of a society is of course important. Every society and nation are proud of its ancestors, the success of the society it belongs to makes it proud. However, belonging to society should not blind people’s eyes, because the healthy individual is the individual who is at peace with himself and then with other beings and his environment [27]. This is essentially emotional energy and an unselfish correlation of attention.
Everyone is the product of different cultural and social conditions. Everyone has different cultural values and different emotional personal characteristics. Age, race, gender, ethnicity, physiological abilities, individuals’ upbringing, and growing environments have an important place in shaping people’s spirit worlds. No one can be expected to leave their cultural fabric. Civilization is not a set of norms that try to shape all people on the same plane. On the contrary, civilization is a mosaic in which all the different values come together.
No matter how high-quality materials are produced, the value of a fabricated product can never be more valuable than a home-made, meticulous work. There are no geometric shapes in nature, you cannot see a cube-shaped fish, a triangle-shaped bird, a square-shaped tree. Shaping individuals and societies mean excluding and alienating them. When individuals think that their liberty and values are restricted or humiliated or ignored, they have a feeling of conflict. Because of their regime, no society can be humiliated or ignored.
The world becomes civilized by the glorification of the peoples’ valuable assets. In this sense, all societies should be supported both financially, technically, and psychologically to establish equality and justice and just life in the world. Even though the purpose of creation and the value of its existence could not be understood, it means that the sensitivity shown for an extinct creature is not shown to humankind, who, as a result of his understanding of inequality, injustice, and colonialism, is downright low. For this, mankind should open his eyes, broaden his perspective, and be freed by getting rid of all the shackles and prejudices that convict him.
Cultural differences are a set of values that accelerate the development of human civilization. In terms of human civilization, culture is an important measure of value, both in sharing a climate that people breathe in and in the realization and determination of emotions, behaviours, and practices. The important point in terms of global civilization is the feature of being a locomotive of positive development and progress for the world in a value-creating cultural environment. In this sense, the existence of a cultural richness that can be established with the meeting of today’s cultures is indispensable for the construction of global civilization. Global civilization rejects conservatism.
There will of course be population movements in the globalizing world, even free movement is a demand for human rights. What makes a society successful is not alone, technology, system, natural resources, etc. [24], what makes communities successful and even beneficial and technological development is essentially social harmony, common sense, virtue as a dominant paradigm, Honesty, tolerance are several glories that are glorified by the society, namely, formed nation culture. No matter how well-educated and qualified manpower is, no society can succeed in another society that it does not feel peaceful and host, cannot establish a bond of affection, do not count on itself. Every individual wants to be appreciated. Every person is precious. Social culture expresses the priorities and values of a nation [16].
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
As a result, everything happens in the human brain and perception. People’s opinions about themselves or others can never be independent of prejudice and opinion. The meeting of global civilizations is essentially an absolute must for all peoples of the world in terms of establishing joint peace and tranquillity. The alliance of civilizations should not be sacrificed to the political ambitions and populist, opportunist politics and discourses of the tyrannizes who hide behind religions.
Global civilization; can be established by sharing the glorified common world cultural heritage, not by the domination of the patterns of thought, cultural values, or religious arguments of civilization basins, as a result of the struggles of superiority among themselves. World civilization is possible by combining all the values of world culture in a pool without any discrimination. Global civilization is about the integration of all cultural phenomena that contribute to the global civilization by preserving their essence rather than melting them in a pot.
The concept of global civilization does not reject the religious and cultural backgrounds of societies, it is not integrative, but integrative, respects all religious and cultural traditions and customs, and refers to all established institutions. The phenomenon of modernization rejects an elitist world image in which the strong oppresses the weak and minorities are ignored. Global civilization takes its power from its roots, all the ceremonies, languages, beliefs, and institutions belonging to the peoples of the world are components of the common world heritage. Global civilization envisages a vision of a heterogeneous society that, above all, respects different views, coexists, and maturity about the world’s riches. It describes the construction of a collective and universal set of values, based on global civilization, free society, advanced democracy, a complete separation of powers, and the rule of law, which has adopted the struggle against imperialism.
Today’s Europe is a pioneering pluralist, the cradle of democracy, and is home to an advanced civilization, learned from the devastating effects of the bloody wars between each other. At this point, Europe is representative of a common global civilization heritage that respects more common living cultures and differences than all other world states, praises coexistence, refuses intercultural superiority considerations and othering, and combines global civilizations by rasping the extremes.
One of the most important proofs of this understanding is the successes of the integration of the migrant workers who come to Europe as the representatives of the lowest classes of their countries socioeconomically, with the dominant values and norms of their country, without being assimilated and demanded to be assimilated. that is miracles of integration. Einstein says, ”It is more difficult to break down prejudices than to disintegrate the atom” [28].