1983 |
Cobb |
Collectivist fosters culture wherein the members of the
group offer help to others. |
1993 |
Morris, Avila & Allen |
Organizations adopt collectivist culture
whose values are dependent on teamwork, collective action and
cooperative spirit. |
1997 |
Tiessen |
Harmonious cooperation within the group. |
2001 |
Triandis |
Horizontal collectivism is where members unite with
their co-members and vertical collectivism is where the members work
with their leaders who are also willing to sacrifice himself for the
interest of others. |
2002 |
Oyserman, Coon & Kemmelmeier |
Collectivism can bind groups and
mutually obligate individuals on their principles. |
2008 |
Chen & West |
Feeling unity with others and focusing on
relationships. |
2010 |
Markus & Kitayama |
Collectivistic life could reinforce and
sometimes change ideas, practices, and psychological
functioning. |
2012 |
Gorodnichencko & Roland |
Collectivism is the embeddedness of
individuals in a larger group and it discourages individuals from
dissenting and standing out. |