Conclusion
(1) In the context of the epidemic, residents showed more boredom and mood disturbance, and negative psychological experience was more acute among residents in less severe areas than among residents in severe areas; (2) home-based physical activity was negatively correlated with mood disturbance and boredom, and boredom was positively correlated with mood disturbance; and (3) physical activity improved the mood state of residents not only directly, but also indirectly through boredom. (4) Residents are therefore advised to engage in moderate physical activity at home.
References
Alpert, M., & Rosen, A. (1990). A semantic analysis of the various ways that the terms “affect,” “emotion,” and “mood” are used. Journal of communication disorders, 23 (4-5): 237-246.
Andreas, Stenling., Adam, Moylan., Emily, Fulton., & Liana, Machado. (2019). Effects of a brief stair-climbing intervention on cognitive performance and mood states in healthy young adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (10).
Athanasou, J. A. (2019). Mood states following a compensable personal injury. Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling,25 (2): 63-78.
Barbalet, J. M. (1999). Boredom and social meaning. British Journal of Sociology, 50 (4): 631-646.
Chang, Lei., Huang, Xuebing., Zhao, Mengjie., Ma, Ning., Sun, Wei., Shi, Le., & Fan, Tengteng. (2020). Suggestions on public mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 34 (3): 282-283.
Chen, Hui. (2016). The Relationship between Alexithymia and Emotional Symptoms: Mediating Effects of Boredom Proneness. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24 (4): 648-651.
Crush, E. A., Frith, E., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018). Experimental effects of acute exercise duration and exercise recovery on mood state.Journal of Affective Disorders, 229 (38): 282-287.
Cox, E. P., O’Dwyer, N., Cook, R., Vetter, M., Cheng, H. L., Rooney, K., & O’Connor, H. (2016). Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: a systematic review. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 19 (8): 616-628.
Danckert, J. A., & Allman, A. A. (2005). Time flies when you’re having fun: temporal estimation and the experience of boredom. brain & cognition, 59 (3): 236-245.
Dergaa, I., Fessi, M. S., Chaabane, M., Souissi, N., & Hammouda, O. (2019). The effects of lunar cycle on the diurnal variations of short-term maximal performance, mood state, and perceived exertion.Chronobiology International, 36 (9): 1249-1257.
Ejaz, F. K., Schur, D., & Noelker, L. S. (1997). The effect of activity involvement and social relationships on boredom among nursing home residents. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 21 (4): 53-66.
Ekkekakis, P. (2003). Pleasure and displeasure from the body: Perspectives from exercise. Cognition & Emotion, 17 (2): 213-239.
Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011). The pleasure and displeasure people feel when they exercise at different intensities. Sports Medicine,41 (8), 641-671.
Huang, Shihua., Zhang, Wei., & Hu, Jianping. (2011). Psychological Research on Boredom———A Brief Introduction of Boredom Research in Psychology. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Sciences Edition), 4 (24): 135-139.
Hyde, A. L., Maher, J. P., & Elavsky, S. (2013). Enhancing our understanding of physical activity and wellbeing with a lifespan perspective. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3 (1): 98–115.
Jiang, Changhao., & Chen, Tingting. (2014). The Effect of Physical Activity on Affect. Advances In Psychological Science, 22 (12): 1889-1898.
Jin, Tonglin., Lu, Guizhi., Zhang, Shouchen., Zhang, Lu., Liu, Yanli., & Li, Xiaoxiao. (2016). Effect of Boredom Proneness on Online Deviant Behavior in Undergraduates: Mediating Role of Negative Online Experience. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24 (4): 640-643.
Lazarus, Richard S. (1994). The stable and the unstable in emotion,The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions , 79-85.
Liu, Yong., Chen, Jianzhi., Jiang, Meng., Xu, Haiyan., Liu, Jie., & Eastwood, J. D., et al. (2013). The Chinese Version of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale(MSBS):It’s Applicability in Chinese College Students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21 (4), 558-561: 540.
Li, S., Rao, LL., Ren, XP., Bai, XW., Zheng, R., & Li, JZ., et al. (2009). Psychological typhoon eye in the 2008 wenchuan earthquake. PLOS ONE, 4 (3): e4964.
Mishra, S. R., & Klasnja, P. (2017). ”Move into Another World of Happy”: Insights for Designing Affect-Based Physical Activity Interventions. Eai International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare . ACM.
Monteiro-Junior, R. S., Rodrigues, V. D., Campos, C., Flávia Paes., & Machado, S. (2017). The role of physical activity on mood state and functional skills of elderly women. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 13 (1): 125-133.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., & Perry, R. P. (2010). Boredom in achievement settings: exploring control–value antecedents and performance outcomes of a neglected emotion. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102 (3): 531-549.
Qiu, Yue., & Zhang, Guoli. (2019). The Current Situation of Beijing Residents’ Physical Activities and Its Influence on Their Emotion.Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 38 (12): 1054-1061.
Strasser, B., & Fuchs, D. (2015). Role of physical activity and diet on mood, behavior, and cognition. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research, 21 (3): 118-126.
Sun, Chao., & Zhang, Guoli. (2020). The Impact of Physical Activities on Adolescents’ Interpersonal Competence: A Chain Mediating Model.Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 39 (01): 47-52.
Tilburg, W. A. P. V., & Igou, E. R. (2017). Boredom begs to differ: differentiation from other negative emotions. Emotion, 17 (2): 309-322.
Tsapelas, I., Aron, A., & Orbuch, T. (2009). Marital boredom now predicts less satisfaction 9 years later. Psychological Science, 20 (5): 543-545.
Van Hooft, Edwin A. J., & Van Hooff, Madelon L. M. (2018). The state of boredom: Frustrating or depressing? Motivation and Emotion, 42 (6): 931-946.
Viira, R., & Raudsepp, L. (2000). Achievement goal orientations, beliefs about sport success and sport emotions as related to moderate to vigorous physical activity of adolescents. Psychology & Health,15 (5): 625-633.
Wen, Zhonglin., & Ye, Baojuan. (2014). Different Methods for Testing Moderated Mediation Models: Competitors or Backups? Acta Psychologica Sinica, 46 (5): 714-726.
Xia, Haishuo., Ding, Qingwen., Zhuang, Yan., & Chen, Antao. (2018). The brain mechanisms of the physical exercise enhancing cognitive function.Advances in Psychological Science, 26 (10): 1857-1868.
Xu, Mingxing., Zheng, Rui., Rao, Lilin., Kuang, Yi., Yang, Shuwen., Ding, Yang., Li, Jianglong., & Li, Shu. (2020). Proposals for Coping with “Psychological Typhoon Eye” Effect Detected in COVID-19.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 35 (3): 273-282.
Zhang, Rencheng., & Zhou, Chenglin. (2013). Emotional Change and Short-term Emotinal Benefits of a Single Bout of Physical Activity.China Sports Science, 33 (1): 52-61.
Zenko, Z., Ekkekakis, P., & Ariely, D. (2016). Can you have your vigorous exercise and enjoy it too? ramping intensity down increases postexercise, remembered, and forecasted pleasure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38 (2), 149-159.
Zhou, Hao., Wang, Qi., & Dong, Yan. (2012). Boredom: A Long and Revival Research Topic. Advances in Psychological Science, 20 (1): 98-107.
Zhu, Beili. (1995). Brief Introduction of POMS Scale and its Model for China. Journal of Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, 10 (1): 35-37.