Research tools
Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, PARS-3
The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARE-3) was compiled by Kumio Hashimoto and revised by Liang Deqing et al (2020). The scale includes three dimensions of physical activity, namely, physical activity intensity, physical activity time, and physical activity frequency, with one item per dimension. Physical activity intensity and physical activity frequency were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5, and physical activity time was scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 to 4. The total amount of physical activity was scored as follows: intensity × time × frequency. Thus, the highest score for the amount of physical activity was 100, and the lowest score was 0. The physical activity levels were categorized as follows: an exercise quantity score less than or equal to 19 was considered a low amount of exercise; a score between 20 and 42 was considered a moderate amount; and a score greater than or equal to 43 was considered a large amount. The internal consistency coefficient of this scale is 0.82; in this survey, it was 0.79.
Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, MSBS
The Chinese Revised Version of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS), compiled by Fahlman and Eastwood et al., was translated by Liu Yong et al (2013). The questionnaire includes five subscales: lack of attention, time perception, low arousal, high arousal and disengagement. The total boredom score is the sum of the scores of each subscale. The higher the score is, the more boring the current state. The internal consistency coefficient of this scale is 0.90; in this survey, it was 0.95.
Profile of Mood States, POMS
The Profile of Mood States (POMS), which was compiled by Grove and revised by Zhu Beili (1995). It is composed of seven subscales, namely, tension, anger, fatigue, depression, energy, panic and self-esteem. Responses are given on a five-point scale from ‘almost none’ to ‘very’; the items are all positively scored. The original scores of each subscale are summed, and the T score of each subscale is calculated with reference to the norm. TMD (total mood disturbance) = the sum score of the 5 negative emotions (stress, anger, fatigue, depression, panic) minus the sum score of the two positive emotions (energy, self-esteem) + 100. The internal consistency coefficient ranges from 0.62 to 0.82, with an average r=0.71. The internal consistency coefficient in this survey was 0.94.
Data processing
SPSS24.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was used for the common method bias test, the independent samples t test was used to investigate the impact of epidemic severity on boredom and mood state in disaster areas, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation among physical activity, boredom and mood state. The mediating role of boredom between physical activity and mood state was examined using the PROCESS 3.3 macro. p <0.05 indicates statistical significance.