Long Run Analysis:
The long-run causality between the factors and their influence on
food-grain production in this paper is assessed by the help of VECM
model. As a precondition to that the lag selection test suggests two
lags following the majoritarian principle as Akaike Information Criteria
(AIC) and Hannan -Quinon (HQ) criteria both suggest the same. In order
to check the possible long run association we use Johansen Cointegration
test. As a pretesting for Johansen all the variables are required to be
integrated of order one i.e. I(1) nature. Below is the results of Unit
Root test analysis of all the variables following Augmented Dicky fuller
(ADF) test and Phillips-Peron (PP) test of stationarity.