The above table shows the VECM results of the model. Here our first coefficient of the system equation is negative with a value of -0.643707 and the Probability value is 0.0376 is also significant. This derives the conclusion that there exists long run relationship among the factors affecting food grains productivity and they influence food grain production collectively.
Diagnostic Checks for Long-run Causality: Just like short-run causality we also tried to check the robustness of the model by using the normality, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation tests. The results are provided in the table below: