Note*. F1 Favoritism based on operational processes,F2 Favoritism based on social rights and opportunities, F3 Favoritism based on demographic and personal characteristics
The results of the Bartlett’s (BS) test [x2= 6610,410; p<.05] revealed the significance level of 0.000, which showed a sufficient relationship for subjecting the variables to factor analysis. For the data in the dataset, it was aimed to reach a meaningful conceptual scale structure for principal components analysis by reducing items. At first, 4 factors with eigenvalues of 1 were obtained. By using the varimax rotation method, the items that were found to be loaded onto more than one factor were removed from the scale. After firstly removing the item 6, varimax rotation was applied. The same procedure was applied for the items 11, 16, 17, 7, 8, 23, 21 and 24. With 10 orthogonal rotations, the scale was formed to include three factors, and 9 items were removed from the scale. Among the items collected under three factors, the item 22 was removed from the scale as it was in a different category than the other items in its factor. In the rotation procedure applied after removing this item, the scale which became suitable in terms of its factor loads in its item took its final form with a total of 22 items. With the factorial structure of the scale, the item load values were adjusted. The item-total correlations, eigenvalues, total variance and alpha coefficients are given in Table 2.
As seen in Table 2, the scale consisted of three factors. The eigenvalues of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd factors of the scale were respectively 5.419, 1.888 and 1.744. The 1st factor explained 24.632%, the 2nd factor explained 23.779% and the 3rd factor explained 18.544% of the total variance. All factors explained 66.955% of the total variance together. That is, the scale explains favoritism by approximately 67%. For this study in the social sciences, this was a high ratio. The items had a minimum factor load of 0.405 and a maximum factor load of 0.817, while the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was found as 0.959. A Cronbach’s alpha value of higher than 0.70 indicates a high level of reliability. This value for the factors was as 0.912 for the 1st factor, 0.924 for the 2nd factor and 0.918 for the 3rd factor. As the reliability coefficients of all factors were higher than 0.70, it was shown that the scale was reliable overall. The corrected item-total correlations varied between 0.408 and 0.830.
Table 3. Favoritism Descriptive Statistics