2.7.2.Method
The study, which was carried out with seafarer working in the maritime
sector, measured the perceptions of favoritism in management of ships.
Looking at the maritime literature, it was seen that there has been no
study conducted on this topic. Academic studies in different fields that
were conducted on favoritism and its types were examined. studies on
favoritism have been meticulously examined. The studies scala on
favoritism in other fields and the studies conducted by Araslı et. al ,
Büte et. al , Keleş et. al., Erdem,& Meriç were used a source
information for the scale (Bute 2011a; Keles et al. 2011; Bute 2011b;
Erdem,&Meriç 2012). To obtain expert opinion for the purpose of
determining the types of favoritism that may be found in ship crew
management, semi-structured interviews were carried out with three
Oceangoing Masters who had worked at administrative duties in maritime
establishments and as ship captains, two Unlimited Chief Engineers who
had worked as engine inspectors in maritime establishments, and two
individuals who were continuing to work at sea with qualifications of
Oceangoing Master and Chief Engineer. Appointments have been made with
these each seafarer’s experts. Appointments from these officers were
conducted on average half-hour interviews in their Office . The
interviews were conducted according to the semi-structured forms of
favoritism. The opinions of seafarers who were members of the Maritime
Association and the representative of ITF for Turkey were taken into
consideration after the questionnaire questions were created. After
submitting the draft scale form consisting of 40 items for expert
opinion, the resulting form consisted of 33 questions due to removal of
7 items that were found unnecessary. The Favoritism in Ship crew
management Scale was formed as a 5-point Likert-type scale allowing
responses from 1 to 5 as “1- Never” and “5- Always”. Among the 260
individuals working at different types of ships, departments and levels
who were subjected to the study of the “Favoritism in Ship crew
management Scale”, the responses given by 252 who answered the
questions of the scale were analyzed. As a result of the criticisms of
the seafarers, the item number 12 with the statement “there is
discrimination based on the beliefs, religions and sects of seafarers”
was removed from the scale. With a total of 32 items, exploratory factor
analysis was conducted on the scale to explain its construct validity.
Although the factor load values of 0.45 and above are considered a good
measure, in practice this limit value can be reduced by 0.30
(Büyüköztürk, 2019). While deciding on whether or not the items would
stay in the scale in the exploratory factor analysis, the minimum factor
load value was determined as 0.40. Additionally, if the differences in
the factor loads of one item in two factors were 0.10 or lower, such an
item was considered to be an overlapped item. In this context, the items
with factor load values of 0.40, overlapped items and the items that
were considered to not provide semantic integrity with the other items
in their factor were removed from the scale.