Introduction
The place is important in human presence because ‘situational forces’
present in the situation influence behaviors (Zimbardo, 2011). Place is
a bond (Hernández, Hidalgo, Salazar-Laplace & Hess, 2007) that is
related with identity and is important in attachment (Grey & O’Toole,
2018) because it is related with emotions (Manzo, 1995) therefore
separation from a place is noticed (Chow & Healey, 2008).Place
influences on human behaviors are like place attachment and the sense of
belongingness (Inalhan& Finch, 2004).Experience of place influences the
process of identification because situation adds into self-value
(Richeson&Ambady, 2003) and is related to the development of emotional
bond with the place (Broto, Burningham, Carter &Elghali, 2010)
therefore place attachment has consequences (Carrus, Scopelliti,
Fornara, Bonnes&Bonaiuto, 2014).It is because of such importance of
place attachment that its role in various industries is valued for
various reasons like tourism marketing (Tsai, 2012a: Hallak, Brown&
Lindsay, 2013).Place attachment therefore is importance in social
sciences and psychology and is rated as an important construct and
concept (Low& Altman, 1992).
Place attachment influences school performance (Moss& St-Laurent, 2001)
because “situational effects” are present in school situations
(Schraw, Flowerday& Lehman, 2001). It was reported that situational
influences and interests are related to knowledge acquisition in school
(Rotgans& Schmidt, 2014a)and influence the process of learning in the
classroom, academic achievements and interests (Rotgans& Schmidt,
2011).
Motor behavior is a lifelong process (Gabbard, 1992), a constituent of
human physiology, it encompasses all activities of human presence
(Cratty, 1967). Activity is related to cognitive function (Weuve, Kang,
Manson, Breteler, Ware &Grodstein, 2004) and cognition is a
well-defined construct (Varela, Thompson &Rosch, 2017).
Attachment (Bowlby, 1978) is a known behavior in a variety of human
behaviors and remains side by side in the process of human development
(Cassidy & Shaver (2002). The importance of attachment is known as a
‘motivational strength’ as motive (Bretherton, 1985).
In a study it was found that situations, “present” and “created” can
influence the behaviors of the students studying in a school
(Tsai, counter, Lüdtke, Trautwein& Ryan, 2008). It was also found that,
‘lateral’ relationship with an industry influences work outcomes as well
as work attitudes and effectiveness of employees (Chiaburu&
Harrison2008).Moreover ‘situational optimism’ was found related to
performance (Nonis& Wright, 2003) its ‘effect on others’ and estimates
about human acts (Gunther, 1991). Furthermore, success expectancy is
related to performance (Durik, Shechter, Noh, Rozek&Harackiewicz, 2015)
and the role of situational optimism is there in students’ performance
outcomes (Nonis& Wright, 2003).
It was therefore assumed that the possibility does exist that students’
studying is a school for less than five years may behave differently on
cognitive and motor devices, because of possible belongingness, may be
due to their feel to effect on others, own estimates about to influence
others, association difference with the place and the possibility of
this whole situation as ‘place effect’ that could influence the
participants’ scores on given instrument?