Discussion and Recommendation
The findings of research reflected etic propositions regarding the
effect and negative influence of addictive substances on the self and
personalities of the participants as earlier reported among users’ in
self-coping and defense styles (Evren, Ozcetinkaya, Ulku, Cagil, Gokalp,
Cetin &Yigiter, 2012) in the western cultures. Moreover, ’substance
use’, as a negative influence for users own self emerged similarly as it
was reported in earlier studies(Khantzian, 2013a). Present work hinted
towards some comparative added social abnormalities among heroin users
as compared to non-users (Fieldman, Woolfolk& Allen, 1995), similarly
the negative influence of heroin use on the social behavior of users
(Babor, Meyer, Mirin, McNamee & Davies, 1976) also emerged. Some age
and gender related factors as mentioned in advanced world studies
(Warner-Smith, Darke, Lynskey& Hall, 2001) also found as related,
moreover a context study found age and gender role among users in case
of self-neglect (Roy, 2010), the demographic characteristics of present
study informed about a few resembling features(Table 1-3),a few other
studies also depicted relationship of substance use and its influence on
gender and age(Lin, Chang, Wang, Wu, Yen, Yeh, … & Yen, 2013: Cicero,
Ellis, Surratt & Kurtz , 2014) and on male sample without age link
(Malik, Khan, Jabbar&Iqbal, 1992).
The societal outlook of advanced world and oriental cultures reflected
that humans as human groups have the tendency to perceive ‘drug users’
as ‘different’ and less approved groups because of taboos or for the
importance ofthe mechanisms of social control in human cultures
(Chiauzzi&Liljegren, 1993; Bourgois, 2002) or social prohibitionist
functionaries control (Harding, &Zinberg, 1977)? However still social
factors role in both ways appears to be there in addiction
(Nakhaee&Jadidi 2009) to illicit drug use (Ford, &Arrastia, 2008).
Therefore more deep studies are required for better understanding and
suggestions and there are already a few (Ahern, Stuber&Galea, 2007:
Room, 2004: Corrigan, Kuwabara.,& O’Shaughnessy2009). Some studies
related with economic conditions and drug stigmatizations are also
available like the role of unemployment relationship with stigma effects
(Biewen&Steffes 2010). The present study has reflected comparable
strong evidence about certain aspects related to drug addicts and the
heroin addiction, perhaps less reported and appeared because of the
interplay of various cultural conditions as components that are there in
oriental culture where the study was conducted.