Introduction
Parenting is to protect and coddle children from harm and to develop
independence and responsibility among them (Pimentel, 2012). In the
present day world child is like a “king” therefore parenting practices
have a legal framework (Bernstein& Triger, 2010) and the family is
responsible for the development of a child (Chiu, 2007). The children
primary care is the legal responsibility of the parents (Vota, 2017).
Researches recommend that positive parenting in rewarding both parents
and their children (Seay, Freysteinson & McFarlane, 2014). Parenting
could be ‘secure’ or ‘insecure’ and that is related with the children
subsequent attachment behaviors (Cohn, Cowan, Cowan& Pearson, 1992).
Parenting is related with the children ‘social competence’ (Ren & Pope,
2015). Parenting encompass distinct “beliefs, attitudes, values, and
parenting behaviors” these overlap across the cultures (Garcia Coll,
Meyer & Brillon, 1995). These represent various parenting styles and
revolve around parents’ ‘responsiveness and demandingness’, some of
these include “indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative, and
uninvolved” parenting styles (Darling, 1999). The parenting has a
consistent effect on the child development (Dooley & Stewart, 2007).
Parenting role stands important in child development (Joseph& John,
2008). Children mental health is related with parenting
(Solantaus-Simula, Punamäki & Beardslee, 2002). Mother and father both
contribute towards the child development and problematic behaviors
(Aunola & Nurmi, 2005). Parenting styles influence the behavior of
children (Howenstein, et al, 2015). In a study it was observed that
parental attitudes were related with the achievements of children but it
was also observed it varies across the cultures (Kordi & Baharudin,
2010). Children attachment styles and parental styles were found related
in a study (Neal & Frick-Horbury, 2001). In gender based parenting
styles it was reported that these could cause negativity among children
towards parents (Dwairy, 2004). Secure and insecure parenting effect
children attachment differently (Dwairy, 2004a). Parenting found related
with gifted children (Dwairy, 2004b). Parenting styles of both father
and mother were found related with the problematic behaviors of children
(Uji, et al, 2014). A few researchers while investigating ‘unintentional
injury’ among children reported that it was related with parent child
relationship (Keyes, et al, 2014).
Special children demand more care and support from their parents and
instruments are available to identify these children (Bethell, et al,
2002). Parents especially mothers’ responsiveness supports the cognitive
growth and development of children those need special attention (Landry,
et al, 2001). Looking after special children is much demanding,
stressful ( Deater-Deckard, 2005) and a challenging job for experts and
parents (McPherson, et al, 1998). That is why laws and special rules are
available for such children (American Academy of Pediatrics Medical Home
Initiatives 2004). In a study a step by step procedures have been
proposed to address the needs of such children (Greenspan, Wieder &
Simons, 1998). Engaging families in mental health treatment is a
serious challenge (Gopalan, et al, 2010). Many works are available about
this very important aspect for the understanding of parents and experts
(Keck & Kupecky, 2014: Greenspan, Wieder & Simons, 1998: Kanner,
1948).