Introduction
To save something from a dangerous and difficult situation and to
prevent something to fail is a difficult and demanding job. It is a kind
of situation in which someone notices something out of place and feels
that someone needs help therefore, assumes responsibility to help and
finally helps that is what is a rescuer’s self and it was the behavior
that was observed among Jews during the days of holocaust (Fogelman,
1998). Trivers, (1971) has discussed rescuer behaviors and its other
associated behaviors in evolutionary context. Halden (1932) in
(Hamilton, 1963) discussed the possibility of altruistic behaviors
during evolution. Rescuer behaviors have been found in ants in animal
kingdom (Nowbahari & Hollis, 2010). In the history of religion
altruistic behaviors are found those are somewhat closely related with
the behaviors of rescuers in our times (Qirko, 2004).
Although altruistic rescuing is available in various religious missions
in modern days (Fagan, 1986) but now, rescue service has also become a
job and responsibility (Matheson, Manning, & Williams, 2011: Fanfarová
& Mariš, 2017). It is now a well defined job area (Cooper, 2005) in
which the role of a rescuer is well defined (Murphy & Ferry, 2018: Kumm
& Bergqvist, 2010). It is also now defined that how do a rescuer
perform better considering psychological guidelines (Cocking, Drury &
Reicher, 2009), how do the rescuers would follow various safety
precautionary measures to save themselves (Murphy & Greenhalgh, 2013)
and what lessons the rescuers must learn from early rescue services
(Claesson, Lindqvist, Ortenwall & Herlitz, 2012)?
Personal safety (Bibby, 2017) because each individual wants to live free
of threat, avoids harms and coming to harm, it is a human need (Maslow,
1948) and its role is important in organization culture (Booth & Lee,
1995). Mitchell and Bray in (Wagner, Martin & McFee, 2009) have defined
specific characteristics of a rescuer’s personality. Rescuer job are
risky, stressful and in some cases are life threatening (Denton &
Patrol, 1994). Rescue 1122 jobs are also risky (Amin, 2018). Job designs
intervention can help to improve the rescuer jobs (Maher, 2019: Akhter,
2014) because rescuers are different in various traits as compared with
people employed in other jobs (Mitchell & Bray, 1990). Researchers have
highlighted personality traits those fit in the performance of rescue
job demands (Salters-Pedneault, Ruef & Orr, 2010: Wagner, 2005)
moreover, besides training rescue related jobs influence human
physiology (Fannin & Dabbs Jr, 2003). Personal safety is an important
question of modernity (Hopkins, 2009) and that is related with rescue
jobs as well.
In rescue jobs own or others life could be at stake during the
performance of rescue jobs the presence of factors like burnout could
intervene with rescue job requirements, therefore, the present work was
designed to assess that how do various burnout levels interplay with the
satisfaction with life and self-efficacy levels among the rescuers?
Burnout is an , “emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low
personal accomplishment” (Dyrbye, West & Shanafelt, 2009) moreover,
“perceived professional failure due to the incongruities of individual
dreams of idealistic and altruistic aspirations and expectations of
impeccable professional performance” can cause burnout (Friedman, 2006)
and variables like , “job dissatisfaction, desire to quit the job,
physical and emotional symptoms and perceived performance level” can
also contribute in burnout (Pines & Keinan, 2005).
In the present work burnout was measured with, Copenhagen Burnout
Inventory (Kristensen, Borritz, Villadsen & Christensen, 2005), self
efficacy was measured with the general self-efficacy scale (Jerusalem &
Schwarzer, 1979) and the satisfaction with life was measured with the
satisfaction with life scale (Diener, Emmons & Larsen, 1985)