Abstract
Revisions are proposed to the taxonomic model of human motivation of
Forbes (2011) in order to incorporate a heretofore missing fourth life
domain, the spiritual. The growing literature on spiritual motives is
systematically reviewed in accordance with literature review standards
for theory development (Templier & Paré, 2018) focusing on the
objective of identifying comprehensive theoretical systems that
explicitly incorporate the spiritual domain as one of a limited set of
human life domains. The structure of the Forbes model is contrasted with
thirteen theoretical systems that explicitly incorporate the spiritual
as a fourth life domain. Consistent with the Forbes model, the spiritual
domain is proposed to consist of three modes of existence (Being, Doing,
Having) represented as justice motivation, moral motivation, and
transcendental motivation, respectively, as well as both promotion and
prevention goals within each of the three motives. Empirical evidence is
reviewed in support of a revised heuristic device wherein the Spiritual
domain is closely linked with the Intrapsychic and Interpersonal
domains, but not the Instrumental domain, resulting in a pyramidal
structure and corresponding set of five testable hypotheses.