This study aimed to explore the challenges of federalism in Somalia. The perspectives and opportunities. After two years of comparative analysis in Kenya, Somalia picked interest in federalism as a way forward for developing the country in 2004 with the aid of international community. The establishment of Somali federalism began in 2012, with President Hassan Sheikh and his Ministry of the Interior had successfully established four Regional states, namely: Galmudug, Hirshabeelle, South West and Jubba land, while Puntland and Somali land had already been established and administered their own affairs. Unlike other federal system in the world, Somalia has adopted a federal system in order to meet the needs of the clans.

The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the research questions, so the findings of the study revealed that the majority of respondents had a negative attitude towards the opportunities of federalism in Somalia, while they had a positive attitude towards the challenges. The study found that, challenges faced by federalism in Somalia were higher than the opportunities afforded by federalism.