Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a lethal virus that infects the
human immune system. Once the person gets infected with HIV, the
infection will gradually lead to AIDS which attacks the immune system
and ultimately causes death if proper precautionary measures are not
taken against it. Currently, anti-viral therapies and drugs combined
with this are utilized by patients diagnosed with HIV. But with rapid
mutation capabilities, the virus showcased resistance to the drugs,
therefore, pushing the scientific community to explore a more stable and
rapid treatment option for HIV. Recently, the utilization of CRISPR Cas
technologies for genetic modification, disease diagnosis, disease
treatment, and biosensing technologies has greatly increased due to
their numerous advantages. This review focuses on the working mechanism
of CRISPR Cas13a that is divided into its stages followed by the
conventional methods used for HIV treatment, we also highlighted the
potential applications that use Cas13 protein for its working principle
and finally the usage of Cas13a towards HIV diagnosis, treatment, and
prospects of this technology.