Law enforcement crowdsourcing initiatives: a Systematic Literature Review to identify key design elements.

Collective Intelligence on the Internet, managed through crowdsourcing, has allowed Internet users to put their eyes, ears, and minds at the service of professional security forces. The general objective is to support the security actions that these agencies carry out to ensure a safer society. Given the relevance of this topic, this paper studies through a systematic literature review how Collective Intelligence is being used as a support tool for the formal social control exercised by both states’ security forces and professional corporations. Using a morphological approach, the paper also structures the eight basic general crowdsourcing elements (crowd, crowdsourcer, task, technology, crowd reward, crowdsourcer reward, participatory process, and open call) into a conceptual framework to present an integrated overview of the design options of the formal social control crowdsourcing initiatives studied. This analysis also allows to identify different relevant interdependencies between design elements.