2. Literature review
2.1. Data governance
Data governance is a fundamental issue of economic and social governance in the digital era, and it is also the focus of scholars from all walks of life. Currently, scholars at home and abroad have formed rich research results on data governance at the levels of theoretical exploration (Jiang et all, 2021), model architecture (Nicki, Asha and Elizabeth, 2019) and practical application (Horgan, 2022), and related research perspectives are related to government governance (Zijun et al, 2022), smart campus (Villegas-Ch et al, 2019), artificial intelligence (Janssen et al, 2020), digital health (Rebekah and Lisa M 2020) and so on.
2.2. Data governance of supply chain
With the deepening of digital supply chain transformation and upgrading (Nasiri et al, 2020), some scholars gradually turn their attention to the research on data governance based on supply chain environment. The researchers who have constructed a dual-channel supply chain model to analyze the selling price of fresh agricultural products under different decision modes to solve the problem of missing data in the production and marketing process (Wei & Bo, 2022); The designs and implements a blockchain data sharing market for programmatic supply chain (Zhiyuan et al, 2021); Zou proposed a multi-attribute dynamic access control model for data services to ensure the security of data services in the supply chain (Junwei et al, 2018). Although the above studies have refined data governance to the levels of data circulation, data deficiency, data sharing and data security of supply chain, the research perspectives on supply chain data governance optimization are scattered, and most of the studies still remain in theoretical analysis, and the few quantitative analyses are limited to the operational decision of supply chain data governance (Belhadi et all, 2021) and blockchain platform construction (WL et al, 2021), etc. The research on indexes of supply chain data governance optimization based on system thinking is neglected.
2.3. Index system
At the present stage, there are abundant researches on index system, involving many fields such as medical system (Renmin, Hu & Changping, 2021), university library (Sun, Yan & Peng, 2012), urban development (Longyu et al, 2018), open government (Yupen & Bo, 2017), etc. The research objects of the index system are mostly focused on single subjects such as government, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and individuals, and few of them involve the research of complex index system in the context of supply chain data governance. In terms of system governance, supply chain data governance is characterized by diverse governance subjects, large governance scope and complex governance structure, and the existing micro-system index system cannot be directly applied to the field of supply chain data governance (Hammervoll, 2015). Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to put aside the single node boundary of the existing index system, construct a multi-subject index system for supply chain data governance optimization, and explore its development path by quantifying and analyzing the mechanism of the role of indexes, in order to evaluate and improve the supply chain data governance capability.