DISCUSSION
Data was collected from 60 untrained and 60 trained women. 25.8 percent
of women were less than 20 years old where as 47.5 percent in between 21
to 23 and 26.7 percent of the women were above 24. 54.2 percent women
were residing in Rawalpindi whereas remining in Islamabad. 10 percent of
women were have qualification under SSC level and 47.5 percent were
having 11 to 14 years of education whereas 42.5 percent were highly
qualified. Level of training shows that 50 percent were untrained but in
remaining 50 percent, 14.2 percent were Yellow belt and 35.8 percent of
trained women were having orange belt (Table 1).
To meet first objective data was analyzed through statistical
techniques. Mann-Whitney technique of non-parametric tests was used to
compare the perception of self defense trained and untrained group of
women. Here group 1 is of untrained women and group 2 comprises trained
women. Results of comparison in different components are given in Table
1. The result of this study are supported by the study of Hollander
(2016). Table 2 shows that SDT empowers women that leads to differences
in perception of self defense trained and untrained women. 0.039 is less
than critical value 0.05 which shows that SDT reduces the fear of being
assaulted. 0.005 tells that never trusting anyone is the main rule of
safety. 0.841 shows that SDT improves assertiveness, aggressiveness,
cognitive, physical and verbal skills in trained women. 0.012 rejects
the hypothesis that SDT women do not feel safer to go out in public
places, but those women feel safer than untrained women to face public.
To meet second objective, descriptive analysis is used. The results of
the study are related to the findings of William and Hebl study in 2005.
Certain most relevant questions were asked from both trained and
untrained women to depict strategies of self defense. Results in table 3
show that 66.7 percent of the respondents cumulatively agree on never
trust others to secure yourself. To self protection, 85 percent of women
collectively agree to give importance to ourselves. 60 percent of
respondents are aware of self protection in dangerous environment.
Whereas, 75 percent of women are aware of what happening around them.
68.3 percent of women know about use of drugs in gathering that can be
cause of danger and 1.7 percent of women disagree on the danger in
gathering caused by use of drugs. So through these components,
strategies of self protection in different environment can be shown
supported by Brecklin and Ullman (1999).