Collaborative learning: students’ insights into the criteria that define
effective collaboration match those of experts
Abstract
Assessing group functioning can be part of group-based learning,
referred to here as collaborative learning. The aim of assessment is to
encourage collaboration and ensure individual accountability, thereby
reducing social loafing and increasing fairness for members. There are
many rules proposed by experts, behavioral criteria that promote
effective group work, against which group members can be assessed
(category-based assessment). In our group-assessment protocol, students
define their own rules; a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 7. The main
reason for this approach is to give students maximum autonomy. A
possible objection to such an approach is that students may overlook
some essential criteria and thus (learn to) collaborate incorrectly. To
see to what extent expert- and student rules match, we compared expert
rules (124 from 12 publications) with student rules (810 from 147
secondary school and university groups). We find that they create the
same rules, but that there are some differences in emphasis. We conclude
that students have sufficient understanding of collaboration and that
when they participate in multiple projects in different groups, they are
likely to be exposed to all of the experts’ rules.