China’s urban and rural education inequality is a potential problem of human capital accumulation, which has long been a concern for researchers and policymakers. Equality has become the main goal of education, although the Chinese government has taken various measures to provide citizens with basic education, the material and financial resources to achieve this goal are limited, especially in rural areas. This paper uses data from field visits and the questionnaire which was completed by some students from two schools in both urban and rural areas in China with a comparison of the student’s family background, social capital, parents’ expectations of education and educational resources. The results of the questionnaire survey show that compared with rural students, urban students have more advantages in most factors of the questionnaire survey mainly in family as well as school environment sections…